[Clang] Reimplement time tracing of NewPassManager by PassInstrumentation framework

The previous implementation of time tracing in NewPassManager is direct but messive.

The key codes are like the demo below:
```
  /// Runs the function pass across every function in the module.
  PreservedAnalyses run(LazyCallGraph::SCC &C, CGSCCAnalysisManager &AM,
                        LazyCallGraph &CG, CGSCCUpdateResult &UR) {
      /// ...
      PreservedAnalyses PassPA;
      {
        TimeTraceScope TimeScope(Pass.name());
        PassPA = Pass.run(F, FAM);
      }
      /// ...
 }
```

It can be bothered to judge where should we add the tracing codes by hands.

With the PassInstrumentation framework, we can easily add `Before/After` callback
functions to add time tracing codes.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D131960