[flang][CodeGen] Transform `fir.boxchar_len` to a sequence of LLVM MLIR

This patch extends the `FIRToLLVMLowering` pass in Flang by adding a
hook to transform `fir.boxchar_len` to a sequence of LLVM MLIR
instructions.

This is part of the upstreaming effort from the `fir-dev` branch in [1].

[1] https://github.com/flang-compiler/f18-llvm-project

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D113763



Originally written by:
Co-authored-by: Eric Schweitz <eschweitz@nvidia.com>