Restore "[ThinLTO] Emit individual index files for distributed backends"

This restores commit r268627:
    Summary:
    When launching ThinLTO backends in a distributed build (currently
    supported in gold via the thinlto-index-only plugin option), emit
    an individual index file for each backend process as described here:
    http://lists.llvm.org/pipermail/llvm-dev/2016-April/098272.html

    ...

    Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D19556

Address msan failures by avoiding std::prev on map.end(), the
theory is that this is causing issues due to some known UB problems
in __tree.

llvm-svn: 269059