[libc++] Suppress -Wctad-maybe-unsupported on types w/o deduction guides

There are a handful of standard library types that are intended
to support CTAD but don't need any explicit deduction guides to
do so.

This patch adds a dummy deduction guide to those types to suppress
-Wctad-maybe-unsupported (which gets emitted in user code).

This is a re-application of the original patch by Eric Fiselier in
fcd549a7 which had been reverted due to reasons lost at this point.
I also added the macro to a few more types. Reviving this patch was
prompted by the discussion on https://llvm.org/D133425.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D133535