[compiler-rt][profile] Make corrupted-profile.c more robust

This test specifically checks that profiles are not mergeable if there's a
change in the CounterPtr in the profile header. The test manually changes
CounterPtr by explicitly calling memset on some offset into the profile file.
This test would fail if binary IDs were emitted because the offset calculation
does not take into account the binary ID sizes.

This patch updates the test to use types provided in profile/InstrProfData.inc
to make it more resistant to profile layout changes.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D110277