[modules] Merge equivalent extensions and diagnose ivar redeclarations for...

[modules] Merge equivalent extensions and diagnose ivar redeclarations for extensions loaded from different modules.

Emitting metadata for the same ivar multiple times can lead to
miscompilations. Objective-C runtime adds offsets to calculate ivar
position in memory and presence of duplicate offsets causes wrong final
position thus overwriting unrelated memory.

Such a situation is impossible with modules disabled as clang diagnoses
ivar redeclarations during sema checks after parsing
(`Sema::ActOnFields`). Fix the case with modules enabled by checking
during deserialization if ivar is already declared. We also support
a use case where the same category ends up in multiple modules. We
don't want to treat this case as ivar redeclaration and instead merge
corresponding ivars.

rdar://83468070

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D121177