[analyzer] SATest: Ensure Docker image can be built

Solve build issues occurring when running `docker build`.

Fix the version of cmake-data to solve the following issue:

  The following packages have unmet dependencies:
   cmake : Depends: cmake-data (= 3.20.5-0kitware1) but 3.23.1-0kitware1ubuntu18.04.1 is to be installed

Install libjpeg to solve this issue when installing Python
requirements:

  The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg,
  a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.

Reviewed By: steakhal

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D126196