[clang-tidy] Fix DanglingHandleCheck to work in C++17 and later mode

Due to guaranteed copy elision, not only do some nodes get removed from the AST,
but also some existing nodes change the source locations they correspond to.
Hence, the check works slightly differently in pre-C++17 and C++17-and-later modes
in terms of what gets highlighted.

Reviewed By: PiotrZSL

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D158371