[FunctionPropertiesAnalysis] Add detailed analysis

This patch adds more detailed function properties gated behind a command
line flag for use primarily in experimentation and gathering statistics
on the functions in a module or project. The runtime cost should be
minimal as the computation is only done when the flag is set. There will
be a slight memory overhead when the ML inliner is enabled, but it
should be fairly small at a handful of bytes per function.

This is an adapted form of https://reviews.llvm.org/D109661.

Reviewed By: mtrofin

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D157358