GRConstants.cpp

//===-- GRConstants.cpp - Simple, Path-Sens. Constant Prop. ------*- C++ -*-==//
//   
//                     The LLValM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
//               Constant Propagation via Graph Reachability
//
//  This files defines a simple analysis that performs path-sensitive
//  constant propagation within a function.  An example use of this analysis
//  is to perform simple checks for NULL dereferences.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "clang/Analysis/PathSensitive/GREngine.h"
#include "clang/AST/Expr.h"
#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
#include "clang/Analysis/Analyses/LiveVariables.h"

#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
#include "llvm/Support/DataTypes.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/APSInt.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/FoldingSet.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/ImmutableMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Allocator.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Streams.h"

#include <functional>

#ifndef NDEBUG
#include "llvm/Support/GraphWriter.h"
#include <sstream>
#endif

using namespace clang;
using llvm::dyn_cast;
using llvm::cast;
using llvm::APSInt;

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
/// ValueKey - A variant smart pointer that wraps either a ValueDecl* or a
///  Stmt*.  Use cast<> or dyn_cast<> to get actual pointer type
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
namespace {

class SymbolID {
  unsigned Data;
public:
  SymbolID() : Data(~0) {}
  SymbolID(unsigned x) : Data(x) {}
  
  bool isInitialized() const { return Data != (unsigned) ~0; }
  operator unsigned() const { assert (isInitialized()); return Data; }
};

class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN ValueKey {
  uintptr_t Raw;  
  void operator=(const ValueKey& RHS); // Do not implement.
  
public:
  enum  Kind { IsSubExpr=0x0, IsBlkExpr=0x1, IsDecl=0x2, // L-Value Bindings.
               IsSymbol=0x3, // Symbol Bindings.
               Flags=0x3 };
  
  inline Kind getKind() const {
    return (Kind) (Raw & Flags);
  }
  
  inline void* getPtr() const { 
    assert (getKind() != IsSymbol);
    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(Raw & ~Flags);
  }
  
  inline SymbolID getSymbolID() const {
    assert (getKind() == IsSymbol);
    return Raw >> 2;
  }
  
  ValueKey(const ValueDecl* VD)
    : Raw(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(VD) | IsDecl) {
      assert(VD && "ValueDecl cannot be NULL.");
    }

  ValueKey(Stmt* S, bool isBlkExpr = false) 
    : Raw(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(S) | (isBlkExpr ? IsBlkExpr : IsSubExpr)){
      assert(S && "Tracked statement cannot be NULL.");
    }
  
  ValueKey(SymbolID V)
    : Raw((V << 2) | IsSymbol) {}  
  
  bool isSymbol()  const { return getKind() == IsSymbol; }
  bool isSubExpr() const { return getKind() == IsSubExpr; }
  bool isBlkExpr() const { return getKind() == IsBlkExpr; }
  bool isDecl()    const { return getKind() == IsDecl; }
  bool isStmt()    const { return getKind() <= IsBlkExpr; }
  
  inline void Profile(llvm::FoldingSetNodeID& ID) const {
    ID.AddInteger(isSymbol() ? 1 : 0);

    if (isSymbol())
      ID.AddInteger(getSymbolID());
    else    
      ID.AddPointer(getPtr());
  }
  
  inline bool operator==(const ValueKey& X) const {
    return isSymbol() ? getSymbolID() == X.getSymbolID()
                      : getPtr() == X.getPtr();
  }
  
  inline bool operator!=(const ValueKey& X) const {
    return !operator==(X);
  }
  
  inline bool operator<(const ValueKey& X) const { 
    if (isSymbol())
      return X.isSymbol() ? getSymbolID() < X.getSymbolID() : false;
    
    return getPtr() < X.getPtr();
  }
};
} // end anonymous namespace

// Machinery to get cast<> and dyn_cast<> working with ValueKey.
namespace llvm {
  template<> inline bool isa<ValueDecl,ValueKey>(const ValueKey& V) {
    return V.getKind() == ValueKey::IsDecl;
  }
  template<> inline bool isa<Stmt,ValueKey>(const ValueKey& V) {
    return ((unsigned) V.getKind()) < ValueKey::IsDecl;
  }
  template<> struct VISIBILITY_HIDDEN cast_retty_impl<ValueDecl,ValueKey> {
    typedef const ValueDecl* ret_type;
  };
  template<> struct VISIBILITY_HIDDEN cast_retty_impl<Stmt,ValueKey> {
    typedef const Stmt* ret_type;
  };
  template<> struct VISIBILITY_HIDDEN simplify_type<ValueKey> {
    typedef void* SimpleType;
    static inline SimpleType getSimplifiedValue(const ValueKey &V) {
      return V.getPtr();
    }
  };
} // end llvm namespace


//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// SymbolManager.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN SymbolData {
  uintptr_t Data;
public:
  enum Kind { ParmKind = 0x0, Mask = 0x3 };
  
  SymbolData(ParmVarDecl* D)
    : Data(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(D) | ParmKind) {}
  
  inline Kind getKind() const { return (Kind) (Data & Mask); }
  inline void* getPtr() const { return reinterpret_cast<void*>(Data & ~Mask); }  
  inline bool operator==(const SymbolData& R) const { return Data == R.Data; }  
};
}

// Machinery to get cast<> and dyn_cast<> working with SymbolData.
namespace llvm {
  template<> inline bool isa<ParmVarDecl,SymbolData>(const SymbolData& V) {
    return V.getKind() == SymbolData::ParmKind;
  }
  template<> struct VISIBILITY_HIDDEN cast_retty_impl<ParmVarDecl,SymbolData> {
    typedef const ParmVarDecl* ret_type;
  };
  template<> struct VISIBILITY_HIDDEN simplify_type<SymbolData> {
    typedef void* SimpleType;
    static inline SimpleType getSimplifiedValue(const SymbolData &V) {
      return V.getPtr();
    }
  };
} // end llvm namespace

namespace {
class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN SymbolManager {
  std::vector<SymbolData> SymbolToData;
  
  typedef llvm::DenseMap<void*,SymbolID> MapTy;
  MapTy DataToSymbol;
  
public:
  SymbolData getSymbolData(SymbolID id) const {
    assert (id < SymbolToData.size());
    return SymbolToData[id];
  }
  
  SymbolID getSymbol(ParmVarDecl* D);
};
} // end anonymous namespace

SymbolID SymbolManager::getSymbol(ParmVarDecl* D) {
  SymbolID& X = DataToSymbol[D];

  if (!X.isInitialized()) {
    X = SymbolToData.size();
    SymbolToData.push_back(D);
  }
  
  return X;
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// ValueManager.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
  
typedef llvm::ImmutableSet<APSInt > APSIntSetTy;

  
class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN ValueManager {
  ASTContext& Ctx;
  
  typedef  llvm::FoldingSet<llvm::FoldingSetNodeWrapper<APSInt> > APSIntSetTy;
  APSIntSetTy APSIntSet;
  
  llvm::BumpPtrAllocator BPAlloc;
  
public:
  ValueManager(ASTContext& ctx) : Ctx(ctx) {}
  ~ValueManager();
  
  ASTContext& getContext() const { return Ctx; }  
  APSInt& getValue(const APSInt& X);
  APSInt& getValue(uint64_t X, unsigned BitWidth, bool isUnsigned);
  APSInt& getValue(uint64_t X, QualType T,
                   SourceLocation Loc = SourceLocation());
};
} // end anonymous namespace

ValueManager::~ValueManager() {
  // Note that the dstor for the contents of APSIntSet will never be called,
  // so we iterate over the set and invoke the dstor for each APSInt.  This
  // frees an aux. memory allocated to represent very large constants.
  for (APSIntSetTy::iterator I=APSIntSet.begin(), E=APSIntSet.end(); I!=E; ++I)
    I->getValue().~APSInt();
}

APSInt& ValueManager::getValue(const APSInt& X) {
  llvm::FoldingSetNodeID ID;
  void* InsertPos;
  typedef llvm::FoldingSetNodeWrapper<APSInt> FoldNodeTy;
  
  X.Profile(ID);
  FoldNodeTy* P = APSIntSet.FindNodeOrInsertPos(ID, InsertPos);
  
  if (!P) {  
    P = (FoldNodeTy*) BPAlloc.Allocate<FoldNodeTy>();
    new (P) FoldNodeTy(X);
    APSIntSet.InsertNode(P, InsertPos);
  }
  
  return *P;
}

APSInt& ValueManager::getValue(uint64_t X, unsigned BitWidth, bool isUnsigned) {
  APSInt V(BitWidth, isUnsigned);
  V = X;  
  return getValue(V);
}

APSInt& ValueManager::getValue(uint64_t X, QualType T, SourceLocation Loc) {
  unsigned bits = Ctx.getTypeSize(T, Loc);
  APSInt V(bits, T->isUnsignedIntegerType());
  V = X;
  return getValue(V);
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Expression Values.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
  
class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN RValue {
public:
  enum BaseKind { LValueKind=0x0, NonLValueKind=0x1,
                  UninitializedKind=0x2, InvalidKind=0x3 };
  
  enum { BaseBits = 2, BaseMask = 0x3 };
    
private:
  void* Data;
  unsigned Kind;
    
protected:
  RValue(const void* d, bool isLValue, unsigned ValKind)
    : Data(const_cast<void*>(d)),
      Kind((isLValue ? LValueKind : NonLValueKind) | (ValKind << BaseBits)) {}
  
  explicit RValue(BaseKind k)
    : Data(0), Kind(k) {}

  void* getRawPtr() const {
    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(Data);
  }
  
public:
  ~RValue() {};

  RValue Cast(ValueManager& ValMgr, Expr* CastExpr) const;
  
  unsigned getRawKind() const { return Kind; }
  BaseKind getBaseKind() const { return (BaseKind) (Kind & BaseMask); }
  unsigned getSubKind() const { return (Kind & ~BaseMask) >> BaseBits; }
  
  void Profile(llvm::FoldingSetNodeID& ID) const {
    ID.AddInteger((unsigned) getRawKind());
    ID.AddPointer(reinterpret_cast<void*>(Data));
  }
  
  bool operator==(const RValue& RHS) const {
    return getRawKind() == RHS.getRawKind() && Data == RHS.Data;
  }
  
  static RValue GetSymbolValue(SymbolManager& SymMgr, ParmVarDecl *D);

  inline bool isValid() const { return getRawKind() != InvalidKind; }
  inline bool isInvalid() const { return getRawKind() == InvalidKind; }
  
  void print(std::ostream& OS) const;
  void print() const { print(*llvm::cerr.stream()); }

  // Implement isa<T> support.
  static inline bool classof(const RValue*) { return true; }
};

class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN InvalidValue : public RValue {
public:
  InvalidValue() : RValue(InvalidKind) {}
  
  static inline bool classof(const RValue* V) {
    return V->getBaseKind() == InvalidKind;
  }  
};
  
class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN UninitializedValue : public RValue {
public:
  UninitializedValue() : RValue(UninitializedKind) {}
  
  static inline bool classof(const RValue* V) {
    return V->getBaseKind() == UninitializedKind;
  }  
};

class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN NonLValue : public RValue {
protected:
  NonLValue(unsigned SubKind, const void* d) : RValue(d, false, SubKind) {}
  
public:
  void print(std::ostream& Out) const;
  
  // Arithmetic operators.
  NonLValue Add(ValueManager& ValMgr, const NonLValue& RHS) const;
  NonLValue Sub(ValueManager& ValMgr, const NonLValue& RHS) const;
  NonLValue Mul(ValueManager& ValMgr, const NonLValue& RHS) const;
  NonLValue Div(ValueManager& ValMgr, const NonLValue& RHS) const;
  NonLValue Rem(ValueManager& ValMgr, const NonLValue& RHS) const;
  NonLValue UnaryMinus(ValueManager& ValMgr, UnaryOperator* U) const;
  
  // Equality operators.
  NonLValue EQ(ValueManager& ValMgr, const NonLValue& RHS) const;
  NonLValue NE(ValueManager& ValMgr, const NonLValue& RHS) const;

  // Utility methods to create NonLValues.
  static NonLValue GetValue(ValueManager& ValMgr, uint64_t X, QualType T,
                            SourceLocation Loc = SourceLocation());
  
  static NonLValue GetValue(ValueManager& ValMgr, IntegerLiteral* I);
  
  static inline NonLValue GetIntTruthValue(ValueManager& ValMgr, bool X) {
    return GetValue(ValMgr, X ? 1U : 0U, ValMgr.getContext().IntTy);
  }
    
  // Implement isa<T> support.
  static inline bool classof(const RValue* V) {
    return V->getBaseKind() >= NonLValueKind;
  }
};
  
class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN LValue : public RValue {
protected:
  LValue(unsigned SubKind, void* D) : RValue(D, true, SubKind) {}
  
public:
  void print(std::ostream& Out) const;
  
  // Equality operators.
  NonLValue EQ(ValueManager& ValMgr, const LValue& RHS) const;
  NonLValue NE(ValueManager& ValMgr, const LValue& RHS) const;
  
  // Implement isa<T> support.
  static inline bool classof(const RValue* V) {
    return V->getBaseKind() == LValueKind;
  }
};
    
} // end anonymous namespace

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// LValues.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
  
enum { SymbolicLValueKind, LValueDeclKind, NumLValueKind };

class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN SymbolicLValue : public LValue {
public:
  SymbolicLValue(unsigned SymID)
   : LValue(SymbolicLValueKind, reinterpret_cast<void*>((uintptr_t) SymID)) {}
  
  SymbolID getSymbolID() const {
    return (SymbolID) reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(getRawPtr());
  }
  
  static inline bool classof(const RValue* V) {
    return V->getSubKind() == SymbolicLValueKind;
  }  
};
  
class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN LValueDecl : public LValue {
public:
  LValueDecl(const ValueDecl* vd) 
  : LValue(LValueDeclKind,const_cast<ValueDecl*>(vd)) {}
  
  ValueDecl* getDecl() const {
    return static_cast<ValueDecl*>(getRawPtr());
  }
  
  inline bool operator==(const LValueDecl& R) const {
    return getDecl() == R.getDecl();
  }

  inline bool operator!=(const LValueDecl& R) const {
    return getDecl() != R.getDecl();
  }
  
  // Implement isa<T> support.
  static inline bool classof(const RValue* V) {
    return V->getSubKind() == LValueDeclKind;
  }
};
  
} // end anonymous namespace

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Non-LValues.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
  
enum { SymbolicNonLValueKind, ConcreteIntKind, ConstrainedIntegerKind,
       NumNonLValueKind };

class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN SymbolicNonLValue : public NonLValue {
public:
  SymbolicNonLValue(unsigned SymID)
    : NonLValue(SymbolicNonLValueKind,
                reinterpret_cast<void*>((uintptr_t) SymID)) {}
  
  SymbolID getSymbolID() const {
    return (SymbolID) reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(getRawPtr());
  }
  
  static inline bool classof(const RValue* V) {
    return V->getSubKind() == SymbolicNonLValueKind;
  }  
};
  
class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN ConcreteInt : public NonLValue {
public:
  ConcreteInt(const APSInt& V) : NonLValue(ConcreteIntKind, &V) {}
  
  const APSInt& getValue() const {
    return *static_cast<APSInt*>(getRawPtr());
  }

  // Arithmetic operators.
  
  ConcreteInt Add(ValueManager& ValMgr, const ConcreteInt& V) const {
    return ValMgr.getValue(getValue() + V.getValue());
  }
  
  ConcreteInt Sub(ValueManager& ValMgr, const ConcreteInt& V) const {
    return ValMgr.getValue(getValue() - V.getValue());
  }
  
  ConcreteInt Mul(ValueManager& ValMgr, const ConcreteInt& V) const {
    return ValMgr.getValue(getValue() * V.getValue());
  }
  
  ConcreteInt Div(ValueManager& ValMgr, const ConcreteInt& V) const {
    return ValMgr.getValue(getValue() / V.getValue());
  }
  
  ConcreteInt Rem(ValueManager& ValMgr, const ConcreteInt& V) const {
    return ValMgr.getValue(getValue() % V.getValue());
  }
  
  ConcreteInt UnaryMinus(ValueManager& ValMgr, UnaryOperator* U) const {
    assert (U->getType() == U->getSubExpr()->getType());  
    assert (U->getType()->isIntegerType());  
    return ValMgr.getValue(-getValue()); 
  }
  
  // Casting.
  
  ConcreteInt Cast(ValueManager& ValMgr, Expr* CastExpr) const {
    assert (CastExpr->getType()->isIntegerType());
    
    APSInt X(getValue());  
    X.extOrTrunc(ValMgr.getContext().getTypeSize(CastExpr->getType(),
                                                 CastExpr->getLocStart()));
    return ValMgr.getValue(X);
  }
  
  // Equality operators.

  ConcreteInt EQ(ValueManager& ValMgr, const ConcreteInt& V) const {
    const APSInt& Val = getValue();    
    return ValMgr.getValue(Val == V.getValue() ? 1U : 0U,
                           Val.getBitWidth(), Val.isUnsigned());
  }
  
  ConcreteInt NE(ValueManager& ValMgr, const ConcreteInt& V) const {
    const APSInt& Val = getValue();    
    return ValMgr.getValue(Val != V.getValue() ? 1U : 0U,
                           Val.getBitWidth(), Val.isUnsigned());
  }

  // Implement isa<T> support.
  static inline bool classof(const RValue* V) {
    return V->getSubKind() == ConcreteIntKind;
  }
};
  
} // end anonymous namespace

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Transfer function dispatch for Non-LValues.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

RValue RValue::Cast(ValueManager& ValMgr, Expr* CastExpr) const {
  switch (getSubKind()) {
    case ConcreteIntKind:
      return cast<ConcreteInt>(this)->Cast(ValMgr, CastExpr);
    default:
      return InvalidValue();
  }
}

NonLValue NonLValue::UnaryMinus(ValueManager& ValMgr, UnaryOperator* U) const {
  switch (getSubKind()) {
    case ConcreteIntKind:
      return cast<ConcreteInt>(this)->UnaryMinus(ValMgr, U);
    default:
      return cast<NonLValue>(InvalidValue());
  }
}

#define NONLVALUE_DISPATCH_CASE(k1,k2,Op)\
case (k1##Kind*NumNonLValueKind+k2##Kind):\
  return cast<k1>(*this).Op(ValMgr,cast<k2>(RHS));

#define NONLVALUE_DISPATCH(Op)\
switch (getSubKind()*NumNonLValueKind+RHS.getSubKind()){\
  NONLVALUE_DISPATCH_CASE(ConcreteInt,ConcreteInt,Op)\
  default:\
    if (getBaseKind() == UninitializedKind ||\
        RHS.getBaseKind() == UninitializedKind)\
      return cast<NonLValue>(UninitializedValue());\
    assert (!isValid() || !RHS.isValid() && "Missing case.");\
    break;\
}\
return cast<NonLValue>(InvalidValue());

NonLValue NonLValue::Add(ValueManager& ValMgr, const NonLValue& RHS) const {
  NONLVALUE_DISPATCH(Add)
}

NonLValue NonLValue::Sub(ValueManager& ValMgr, const NonLValue& RHS) const {
  NONLVALUE_DISPATCH(Sub)
}

NonLValue NonLValue::Mul(ValueManager& ValMgr, const NonLValue& RHS) const {
  NONLVALUE_DISPATCH(Mul)
}

NonLValue NonLValue::Div(ValueManager& ValMgr, const NonLValue& RHS) const {
  NONLVALUE_DISPATCH(Div)
}

NonLValue NonLValue::Rem(ValueManager& ValMgr, const NonLValue& RHS) const {
  NONLVALUE_DISPATCH(Rem)
}

NonLValue NonLValue::EQ(ValueManager& ValMgr, const NonLValue& RHS) const {  
  NONLVALUE_DISPATCH(EQ)
}

NonLValue NonLValue::NE(ValueManager& ValMgr, const NonLValue& RHS) const {
  NONLVALUE_DISPATCH(NE)
}

#undef NONLVALUE_DISPATCH_CASE
#undef NONLVALUE_DISPATCH

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Transfer function dispatch for LValues.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//


NonLValue LValue::EQ(ValueManager& ValMgr, const LValue& RHS) const {
  if (getSubKind() != RHS.getSubKind())
    return NonLValue::GetIntTruthValue(ValMgr, false);
  
  switch (getSubKind()) {
    default:
      assert(false && "EQ not implemented for this LValue.");
      return cast<NonLValue>(InvalidValue());
      
    case LValueDeclKind: {
      bool b = cast<LValueDecl>(*this) == cast<LValueDecl>(RHS);
      return NonLValue::GetIntTruthValue(ValMgr, b);
    }
  }
}

NonLValue LValue::NE(ValueManager& ValMgr, const LValue& RHS) const {
  if (getSubKind() != RHS.getSubKind())
    return NonLValue::GetIntTruthValue(ValMgr, true);

  switch (getSubKind()) {
    default:
      assert(false && "EQ not implemented for this LValue.");
      return cast<NonLValue>(InvalidValue());
      
    case LValueDeclKind: {
      bool b = cast<LValueDecl>(*this) != cast<LValueDecl>(RHS);
      return NonLValue::GetIntTruthValue(ValMgr, b);
    }
  }
}


//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Utility methods for constructing Non-LValues.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

NonLValue NonLValue::GetValue(ValueManager& ValMgr, uint64_t X, QualType T,
                              SourceLocation Loc) {

  return ConcreteInt(ValMgr.getValue(X, T, Loc));
}

NonLValue NonLValue::GetValue(ValueManager& ValMgr, IntegerLiteral* I) {
  return ConcreteInt(ValMgr.getValue(APSInt(I->getValue(),
                                       I->getType()->isUnsignedIntegerType())));
}

RValue RValue::GetSymbolValue(SymbolManager& SymMgr, ParmVarDecl* D) {
  QualType T = D->getType();
  
  if (T->isPointerType() || T->isReferenceType())
    return SymbolicLValue(SymMgr.getSymbol(D));
  else
    return SymbolicNonLValue(SymMgr.getSymbol(D));
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Pretty-Printing.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

void RValue::print(std::ostream& Out) const {
  switch (getBaseKind()) {
    case InvalidKind:
      Out << "Invalid";
      break;
      
    case NonLValueKind:
      cast<NonLValue>(this)->print(Out);
      break;

    case LValueKind:
      cast<LValue>(this)->print(Out);
      break;
      
    case UninitializedKind:
      Out << "Uninitialized";
      break;
      
    default:
      assert (false && "Invalid RValue.");
  }
}

void NonLValue::print(std::ostream& Out) const {
  switch (getSubKind()) {  
    case ConcreteIntKind:
      Out << cast<ConcreteInt>(this)->getValue().toString();
      break;
      
    case SymbolicNonLValueKind:
      Out << '$' << cast<SymbolicNonLValue>(this)->getSymbolID();
      break;
      
    default:
      assert (false && "Pretty-printed not implemented for this NonLValue.");
      break;
  }
}

void LValue::print(std::ostream& Out) const {
  switch (getSubKind()) {  
    case SymbolicLValueKind:
      Out << '$' << cast<SymbolicLValue>(this)->getSymbolID();
      break;
      
    case LValueDeclKind:
      Out << cast<LValueDecl>(this)->getDecl()->getIdentifier();
      break;
      
    default:
      assert (false && "Pretty-printed not implemented for this LValue.");
      break;
  }
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// ValueMapTy - A ImmutableMap type Stmt*/Decl*/Symbols to RValues.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

typedef llvm::ImmutableMap<ValueKey,RValue> ValueMapTy;

namespace clang {
  template<>
  struct VISIBILITY_HIDDEN GRTrait<ValueMapTy> {
    static inline void* toPtr(ValueMapTy M) {
      return reinterpret_cast<void*>(M.getRoot());
    }  
    static inline ValueMapTy toState(void* P) {
      return ValueMapTy(static_cast<ValueMapTy::TreeTy*>(P));
    }
  };
}

typedef ValueMapTy StateTy;

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// The Checker.
//
//  FIXME: This checker logic should be eventually broken into two components.
//         The first is the "meta"-level checking logic; the code that
//         does the Stmt visitation, fetching values from the map, etc.
//         The second part does the actual state manipulation.  This way we
//         get more of a separate of concerns of these two pieces, with the
//         latter potentially being refactored back into the main checking
//         logic.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {
  
class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN GRConstants {
    
public:
  typedef ValueMapTy StateTy;
  typedef GRStmtNodeBuilder<GRConstants> StmtNodeBuilder;
  typedef GRBranchNodeBuilder<GRConstants> BranchNodeBuilder;
  typedef ExplodedGraph<GRConstants> GraphTy;
  typedef GraphTy::NodeTy NodeTy;
  
  class NodeSet {
    typedef llvm::SmallVector<NodeTy*,3> ImplTy;
    ImplTy Impl;
  public:
    
    NodeSet() {}
    NodeSet(NodeTy* N) { assert (N && !N->isSink()); Impl.push_back(N); }
    
    void Add(NodeTy* N) { if (N && !N->isSink()) Impl.push_back(N); }
    
    typedef ImplTy::iterator       iterator;
    typedef ImplTy::const_iterator const_iterator;
        
    unsigned size() const { return Impl.size(); }
    bool empty() const { return Impl.empty(); }
    
    iterator begin() { return Impl.begin(); }
    iterator end()   { return Impl.end(); }

    const_iterator begin() const { return Impl.begin(); }
    const_iterator end() const { return Impl.end(); }
  };
                                                              
protected:
  /// G - the simulation graph.
  GraphTy& G;
  
  /// Liveness - live-variables information the ValueDecl* and block-level
  ///  Expr* in the CFG.  Used to prune out dead state.
  LiveVariables Liveness;

  /// Builder - The current GRStmtNodeBuilder which is used when building the nodes
  ///  for a given statement.
  StmtNodeBuilder* Builder;
  
  /// StateMgr - Object that manages the data for all created states.
  ValueMapTy::Factory StateMgr;
  
  /// ValueMgr - Object that manages the data for all created RValues.
  ValueManager ValMgr;
  
  /// SymMgr - Object that manages the symbol information.
  SymbolManager SymMgr;
  
  /// StmtEntryNode - The immediate predecessor node.
  NodeTy* StmtEntryNode;
  
  /// CurrentStmt - The current block-level statement.
  Stmt* CurrentStmt;
  
  /// UninitBranches - Nodes in the ExplodedGraph that result from
  ///  taking a branch based on an uninitialized value.
  typedef llvm::SmallPtrSet<NodeTy*,5> UninitBranchesTy;
  UninitBranchesTy UninitBranches;
  
  bool StateCleaned;
  
  ASTContext& getContext() const { return G.getContext(); }
  
public:
  GRConstants(GraphTy& g) : G(g), Liveness(G.getCFG(), G.getFunctionDecl()),
      Builder(NULL), ValMgr(G.getContext()), StmtEntryNode(NULL),
      CurrentStmt(NULL) {
    
    // Compute liveness information.
    Liveness.runOnCFG(G.getCFG());
    Liveness.runOnAllBlocks(G.getCFG(), NULL, true);
  }
  
  /// getCFG - Returns the CFG associated with this analysis.
  CFG& getCFG() { return G.getCFG(); }
  
  /// getInitialState - Return the initial state used for the root vertex
  ///  in the ExplodedGraph.
  StateTy getInitialState() {
    StateTy St = StateMgr.GetEmptyMap();
    
    // Iterate the parameters.
    FunctionDecl& F = G.getFunctionDecl();
    
    for (FunctionDecl::param_iterator I=F.param_begin(), E=F.param_end(); 
          I!=E; ++I)
      St = SetValue(St, LValueDecl(*I), RValue::GetSymbolValue(SymMgr, *I));
    
    return St;
  }
  
  bool isUninitControlFlow(const NodeTy* N) const {
    return N->isSink() && UninitBranches.count(const_cast<NodeTy*>(N)) != 0;
  }

  /// ProcessStmt - Called by GREngine. Used to generate new successor
  ///  nodes by processing the 'effects' of a block-level statement.
  void ProcessStmt(Stmt* S, StmtNodeBuilder& builder);    
  
  /// ProcessBranch - Called by GREngine.  Used to generate successor
  ///  nodes by processing the 'effects' of a branch condition.
  void ProcessBranch(Stmt* Condition, Stmt* Term, BranchNodeBuilder& builder);

  /// RemoveDeadBindings - Return a new state that is the same as 'M' except
  ///  that all subexpression mappings are removed and that any
  ///  block-level expressions that are not live at 'S' also have their
  ///  mappings removed.
  StateTy RemoveDeadBindings(Stmt* S, StateTy M);

  StateTy SetValue(StateTy St, Stmt* S, const RValue& V);  

  StateTy SetValue(StateTy St, const Stmt* S, const RValue& V) {
    return SetValue(St, const_cast<Stmt*>(S), V);
  }
  
  StateTy SetValue(StateTy St, const LValue& LV, const RValue& V);
  
  RValue GetValue(const StateTy& St, Stmt* S);  
  inline RValue GetValue(const StateTy& St, const Stmt* S) {
    return GetValue(St, const_cast<Stmt*>(S));
  }
  
  RValue GetValue(const StateTy& St, const LValue& LV);
  LValue GetLValue(const StateTy& St, Stmt* S);
    
  /// Assume - Create new state by assuming that a given expression
  ///  is true or false.
  inline StateTy Assume(StateTy St, RValue Cond, bool Assumption, 
                        bool& isFeasible) {
    if (isa<LValue>(Cond))
      return Assume(St, cast<LValue>(Cond), Assumption, isFeasible);
    else
      return Assume(St, cast<NonLValue>(Cond), Assumption, isFeasible);
  }
  
  StateTy Assume(StateTy St, LValue Cond, bool Assumption, bool& isFeasible);
  StateTy Assume(StateTy St, NonLValue Cond, bool Assumption, bool& isFeasible);
  
  void Nodify(NodeSet& Dst, Stmt* S, NodeTy* Pred, StateTy St);
  
  /// Visit - Transfer function logic for all statements.  Dispatches to
  ///  other functions that handle specific kinds of statements.
  void Visit(Stmt* S, NodeTy* Pred, NodeSet& Dst);

  /// VisitCast - Transfer function logic for all casts (implicit and explicit).
  void VisitCast(Expr* CastE, Expr* E, NodeTy* Pred, NodeSet& Dst);
  
  /// VisitUnaryOperator - Transfer function logic for unary operators.
  void VisitUnaryOperator(UnaryOperator* B, NodeTy* Pred, NodeSet& Dst);
  
  /// VisitBinaryOperator - Transfer function logic for binary operators.
  void VisitBinaryOperator(BinaryOperator* B, NodeTy* Pred, NodeSet& Dst);
  
  /// VisitDeclStmt - Transfer function logic for DeclStmts.
  void VisitDeclStmt(DeclStmt* DS, NodeTy* Pred, NodeSet& Dst);
};
} // end anonymous namespace


void GRConstants::ProcessBranch(Stmt* Condition, Stmt* Term,
                                BranchNodeBuilder& builder) {

  StateTy PrevState = builder.getState();
  
  // Remove old bindings for subexpressions.  
  for (StateTy::iterator I=PrevState.begin(), E=PrevState.end(); I!=E; ++I)
    if (I.getKey().isSubExpr())
      PrevState = StateMgr.Remove(PrevState, I.getKey());
  
  RValue V = GetValue(PrevState, Condition);
  
  switch (V.getBaseKind()) {
    default:
      break;

    case RValue::InvalidKind:
      builder.generateNode(PrevState, true);
      builder.generateNode(PrevState, false);
      return;
      
    case RValue::UninitializedKind: {      
      NodeTy* N = builder.generateNode(PrevState, true);

      if (N) {
        N->markAsSink();
        UninitBranches.insert(N);
      }
      
      builder.markInfeasible(false);
      return;
    }      
  }

  // Process the true branch.
  bool isFeasible = true;
  StateTy St = Assume(PrevState, V, true, isFeasible);

  if (isFeasible) builder.generateNode(St, true);
  else {
    builder.markInfeasible(true);
    isFeasible = true;
  }
  
  // Process the false branch.  
  St = Assume(PrevState, V, false, isFeasible);
  
  if (isFeasible) builder.generateNode(St, false);
  else builder.markInfeasible(false);

}

void GRConstants::ProcessStmt(Stmt* S, StmtNodeBuilder& builder) {
  Builder = &builder;

  StmtEntryNode = builder.getLastNode();
  CurrentStmt = S;
  NodeSet Dst;